Apparatus for extracting oil



s. G. CLARK. Apparatus for Extracting Oil.

Patented Feb. 3, 1880 W7/410sses.

N-PETERS, FHOTO-LITHOGRAVHER, WASHINGTON D C.

g NITEQD STATES PATENT Prion.

SAMUEL c. CLARK, or CLEVELAND, 01110.

APPARATUS- FOR EXTRACTiNG OIL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Iletters Patent No. 224,075, datedFebruary 3, 1880.

Application filed May .29, 1879.

- Cleveland, in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have inventeda certain new and Improved Mode and Apparatus for Extracting Oil fromOil-Bearin g Seeds; and 1 do hereby declare that the followin g is afull, clear, and complete description thereof. N

This invention relates to :an apparatus for conducting the process ofextracting oil from seeds and other oleaginous material by the use of aliquid hydrocarbon asa solvent. Said solvent is usually naphtha,preferably benzine or gasoline, which has al most penetrating quality,and as a solvent, either in a liquid or gaseous form, for the purposespecified, acts with great energy and directly upon the. mate? rial fromwhich the oil is to be extracted, and by which the largest product ofoil is obtained.

. A full and complete description of the apparatus and. thepracticalworking of the same is as follows, reference being bad to theanneXeddrawings to illustrate the same, in which i t Figure l is a sideelevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of adetached part of the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of thesame.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts intheseveral views.

In thedrawings, A represents a receiver, preferably of a cylindricalform, and of any desirable holding capacity, according to the size ofthe apparatus. Said receiver consists of an outer shell, 13, Fig. 2,having centrally therein a receptacle or cylinder, 0, for holding thematerial to be treated.

The lower end of the receptacle is contracted or of funnel shape, andterminates in an outlet,.D. 1 The upper end of the receptacle ispartially closed by the top of the shell, but open to the outside by theinlet E.

-Betwcen the shell and the receptacle is an annular space or chamber,.a,the purpose of which will presently be shown.

In the lower end of the receptacle is a coil of pipe, F. Immediatelyabove the said coil of pipe is a perforated diaphragm, G, forming abottom to the receptacle. Said diaphragm is divided through the middle,thereby making a two-part diaphragm. To each part is respectivelysecured (in the line of its diameter) a pivotal shaft, on which eachsection of the diaphragm is suspended in the receptacle, and is turnedthereon, respectively, by the cranks H. Said sections of the diaphragmopen downward,as indicated by the dotted lines I), Fig.2.

1, Fig. 1, is a chamber, in which is an arrangement of serpentine pipes,J. A part of the side of the chamberis represented as broken away thatthe pipes may be seen. Immediately below the chamber I is a water-tank,K, in which is also a serpentine arrangement of pipes, L, which is acontinuation of the pipes in the chamber I.

The lower end of the arrangement of pipes J and Ltermina-tes in thereceptacle 0 at the point I) by means of the pipe L, being acontinuation of the pipes L J. The opposite end ,of the serpentinearrangement of pipes terminates in the upper end of the receptacle 0 bymeans of the pipe J, which is an extension of the pipes in the chamberI. The connection of the said pipes with the receptacle is shown in Fig.2. Both ends of the pipe, near their. connection with the receptacle,are provided with a stop-cock, respectively, 0 and d.

The lower end of the receptacle is put in connection with anoil-receiver, M, Fig. 1, by a pipe, N, which is also provided with astopcock, 6. l

The oil-receiver alluded to is inclosed in a jacket or case, 0, aportion of the side of which is broken away that the receiver may beseen. Between the jacket or case and the receiver is a space, 0. Saidspace surrounds the four sides of the receiver, there being no space atthe ends. i

, At the side of the receptacle is attached a condenser, P, which is putin connection therewith by a pipe, Q, Fig. 1.

On the bottom'of the condenser is a cup,R, in which the end of the pipeQ terminates.

A is also a condenser, put in connection with the oilreceiver Mby meansof a pipe, B. At the bottom of said condenser is a cup, 0, in which oneend of the :pipe 13 terminates,

while the opposite end terminatesin the oil-- receiver. V

The condensers I and A ar-esubstantially alike. A portion of the side ofeach is represented as broken away, that the cups there 'in may be seen.

The practical operation of the abovedescribed apparatus is substantiallyas follows: Crushed linseed or otheroleaginous seeds or material fromwhich the oil is to be extracted are filled into the chamberor cylinderthrough the opening E. When the chamber is charged the opening istightly closed; also, the manhole D. The condensing-pipes in the chamberI and tank K are filled, or nearly so, with a solvent-as naphtha,benzine, or any of the light petroleum distillatesby which the contentsof the receptacle or cylinder are satii rated by opening the cock 0,thereby allowing the solvent to pass into the cylinder and permeate thematerial in the chamber, a small portion of which solvent will pass intothe space below the diaphragm, carrying with it more or less oil.

When the contents of the cylinder are permeated with the solvent thecocks c and d are closed, thereby shutting off a further fiow of thesolvent into the cylinder. At this stage in' the operation the annularspace surrounding the cylinder is filled with steam, the heat from whichquickens the action of the solvent upon the material, and which israised by it to a high degree of temperature, causing a vaporizing ofthe solvent in proportion to the intensity of the steam. The vapor isnot permitted to escape at this point, but is retained in the cylinderunder pressure generated until the material is completely disintegratedby the action of the solvent and vapor and the separated oil begins toaccumulate in the space below the diaphragm. At this time the cock d isopened and the vapor allowed to pass over into the condensing-pipes inthe chambers I and tank for being reclaimed. The heat is continued forvaporizing the solvent until the oil and the material from which it hasbeen separated are free therefrom, this condition being ascertained bydrawing off the oil at a suitable point and testing.

The oil as it accumulates in the space below the diaphragm fiowstherefrom through the pipe N into the tank or receiver M, wherein it isfurther subjected to the vaporizing influence of heat from steamadmitted into the spaces around the receiver through the pipe K fromsteam-generator M. This second application of heat to the oil is toremove therefrom any traces of the solvent that may remain therein.

In the event there is an elimination of vapor from the oil it passesover through the pipe B into the condenser A, filled with wa ter t0 thedotted line b. WVater is inducted into the condenser through the pipe F,and

discharged continuously therefrom by thepipe.

G. The vapor that passes over from the receiverM into the condenser isdischarged into the water and thereby condensed, as, being lighter thanthe water, it ascends into the vacant space at the top of 'thecondenser, from which it is taken through the cock H.

a The object of discharging the vaporinto the cup 0 at the bottom of thecondenser is to prevent it from passing out with the water through theeduetion-pipe G, which it would beliable to do if discharged loosely inthe body of the water and near the bottom.

It will be observed that the rim of the cup is above the outlet; hencethe vapor discharged therein and condensed will fiow from the cupabove'the outlet; therefore it cannot pass out with the water throughthe pipe G. The oil when thus purified is drawn from the TeceiverMthrough the cock I.

The purpose of the coil of pipe F in the lower end of the receptacle isto keep up the heat of the oil as it flows from the receptacle orcylinder on its way to the oil-reeeiver M. The coil is heated by steam,which it receives from the steam-space surrounding the cylinder. Bothends of the coil terminate therein, as seen in Fig. 2.

The action of the hydrocarbon liquid upon the contents of the cylinderis facilitated by pressure. This pressure is a resultant from contentsthereof more or less, according to the heat of the steam. In the eventthe pressure is excessive the cylinder is relieved therefrom by asafety-valve, q, in the pipe Q, which allows a portion of the vaporizedsolvent to pass over therefrom into the condenser P, filled with waterto the line m, into which it is dis charged, first into the cup R, forthe purpose substantially as herein described, of the condenser A. Theoperation and the results of both condensers being the same, it is to beunderstood that valves 0 and dare at this time closed.

By means of the safety-valve the pressure regulated and maintainedduring the process. In the incipient stage of the treatment of thecontents of the cylinder some air accumulates in the upper part'ot' thecylinder, which is allowed to escape therefrom through the pipe a intothe condenser P, which, if permitted to remain, would interrupt (more orless) the pressure.

The vaporized solvent passing over from the cylinder into thecondensing-pipes in the chamher I (which, to facilitate the condensationof the vapor, is filled with cold water) is therein nearly, if notquite, converted into a liquid, its original state. The condensation ofthe vapor is fully effected in the condensing-pipes L, contained in thetank K, which is filled with cold salt water, the excessive coldness ofwhich fully completes the condensation of the vapor, to be again usedfor saturating another charge of material in the receptacle, and forrechargin g the contents of the cylinder in the event the oil is notwholly extracted by the first treatment, which fact is ascertained byanrexthe heat of the steam in the annular stean1-. space a aboutthe'cylinder, which expands the necessary to perfect the end desired canbe amination of the oil as it flows fromthe cylinder, a test-cock beingplaced in the eductionpipe N for that purpose.

The residuum or meal in the receptacle is removed therefrom by dumpingit into the space below the diaphragm, from which it is discharged tothe outside through theopenin g D. To this end the pipe N is detachedand the covering of the opening removed. The dumping alluded to iseffected by the cranks H, which on being turned in the proper directiondrop the two parts of the diaphragm to the position indicated by thedotted line I), Fig. 2, which, as a consequence, precipitates thecontents of the cylinder down upon the coil F and through the outlet D.

Instead of discharging the contents of the receptacle through the outletD, it maybe removed therefrom through the manhole D, which under somecircumstances may be preferable.

In the event the oil is not wholly deodorized in the receiver M byvaporizing therefrom the solvent, an induced current of air is passedinto the receiver through the pipe N by injecting steam into the pipe Bthrough the pipe 0 from generator M. The steam thus forced into the pipedrives the contentsof the condenser out through the pipe G, therebyforming a partial vacuum in the receiver, causin g the air to rush inthrough pipe N, agitating the oil and efiecting a more completecleansing thereof from the presence of hydrocarbon solvent.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-- 1. In an apparatus for extracting oil from oleaginous substances, astationary jacketed cylinder or receptacle provided with a hingedtwo-part perforated dumping plate or grate,

constituting a diaphragm in said cylinder, whereon the substance to betreated therein is to be placed, and also having a funnel-shaped bottominclosing a coil of pipe and an inlet and outlet, E D, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the receptacle O, connectin g-pipe N, the jacketedreceiver M, steampipe K, and generator M, induction air-pipe N, pipe 13,steam-pipe O, condenser A, provided with cup 0', all substantially asshown and described.

3. The combination of the receptacle 0, condenser P, having within itthe cup R, the top of which is above the lower end of pipe Q and abovethe outlet of the cylinder, the pipe Q,

inlet and outlet vapor-pipes, and pipe at, the

whole constructed and arranged as described.

4. In an apparatus for extracting oil from oleaginous substances, thearrangement and combination of the receptacle 0, constructed asdescribed and provided with the double dumping-grate G and steam-coil F,condensing'pipes J and L, with their respective connections with thesaid receptacle, condenser P, in its relation to the receptacle 0 andits connections therewith, receiver M, with its inlet and outlet pipesK, N, and B, and condenser A, all constructed and adapted to 0perateconsecutively in relation to each other,

as described, and for the purposes specified.

SAMUEL G. CLARK.

Witnesses W.'H. BURRIDGE, OHAs. J. BOWELL.

